First Solar Company Review: Pioneering Thin-Film Solar for Utility-Scale Projects
Overview
First Solar, founded in 1999 and headquartered in Tempe, Arizona, is a leading American solar technology company specializing in the design, manufacture, and deployment of eco-efficient thin-film photovoltaic (PV) modules. As the only US-headquartered company among the world’s ten largest solar manufacturers, First Solar stands out for its commitment to domestic manufacturing and its refusal to rely on Chinese crystalline silicon (c-Si) supply chains.
Solar Energy Products
First Solar’s product portfolio is centered on advanced thin-film modules using cadmium telluride (CdTe) semiconductor technology. Key offerings include:
Series 7 Modules: The latest flagship, designed and manufactured in the US for utility-scale projects, offers 525–550 watts per module with up to 19.7% efficiency. These modules feature innovative back rail mounting for faster installation, dual junction boxes for simplified wiring, and industry-leading durability and environmental performance.
Series 6 and 6 Plus: Proven for reliability, these modules provide high energy yields, optimal form factors (420+ watts per module), and compatibility with common fixed-tilt and tracking systems. They are recognized for robust packaging and efficient shipping.
Series 4 and Earlier: Earlier generations, such as Series 4, continue to deliver high energy yields, especially in hot and humid climates, due to superior temperature coefficients and spectral response.
First Solar’s modules are primarily targeted at utility-scale and large commercial projects, rather than small residential installations.
Technology and Performance
Thin-Film Advantage: First Solar’s CdTe modules require only 1–2% of the semiconductor material needed for traditional c-Si panels, resulting in lower energy, water, and material usage during manufacturing.
Performance in Harsh Environments: Their modules excel in high-temperature and low-light conditions, with a superior temperature coefficient and shading response compared to c-Si alternatives.
Durability: First Solar modules come with a 25-year product warranty and have passed rigorous long-term reliability tests such as Atlas 25+, Thresher, and TUV Long-Term Sequential Tests.
Sustainability and Responsible Manufacturing
First Solar is widely recognized for its industry-leading sustainability profile:
Lowest Carbon and Water Footprint: The company’s modules have up to 2.5 times lower carbon footprint and up to 3 times lower water footprint than conventional c-Si panels over their lifecycle.
Responsible Supply Chain: Manufacturing is vertically integrated, transparent, and free from forced labor, with platinum-rated Responsible Business Alliance audits at its Ohio facilities.
Recycling Commitment: First Solar operates a comprehensive end-of-life module recycling program and aims to power all global manufacturing with renewable energy by 2028, targeting net zero emissions by 2050.
Global Reach and Manufacturing
First Solar operates manufacturing facilities in the US (Ohio and Alabama), India, Malaysia, and Vietnam, with a projected global annual capacity of over 20 GW by 2025. The company is investing in new US-based factories, further strengthening its domestic supply chain and supporting American clean energy jobs.
Pros and Cons Table
| Strengths | Considerations |
|---|---|
| Industry leader in thin-film solar technology | Not typically available for residential projects |
| Lowest carbon/water footprint in the industry | Slightly lower module efficiency vs. top c-Si panels |
| US-headquartered and manufactured | Focused on utility-scale applications |
| Superior performance in hot/humid climates | |
| Strong 25-year product warranty | |
| Transparent, responsible supply chain |
Conclusion
First Solar is a top choice for utility-scale solar developers prioritizing sustainability, reliability, and US-based manufacturing. Its thin-film CdTe technology delivers strong performance in challenging environments, with an unmatched environmental profile and a deep commitment to responsible business practices. For large-scale projects seeking a low-carbon, high-durability solution, First Solar sets the industry benchmark.